Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – α-Pinene

1. Identification

Product Name: α-Pinene
Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
CAS Number: 80-56-8
EC Number: 201-291-9
Recommended Use: Flavor and fragrance ingredient, intermediate in organic synthesis, solvent.
Supplier Details: Name, address, phone number of manufacturer or distributor.
Emergency Contact: CHEMTREC or local emergency number.

2. Hazard Identification

Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3); Skin irritant (Category 2); Eye irritant (Category 2); Aspiration hazard (Category 1); Hazardous to aquatic life (Category 2); Sensitizer (Category 1).
Label Elements: Signal word: Danger. Hazard statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor, may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, causes skin irritation, may cause an allergic skin reaction, toxic to aquatic life.
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard, environment.
Warning Information: Breathing vapors or skin contact can trigger allergic reactions. Spills in water or soil pose threats to fish or wildlife.

3. Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: α-Pinene
Concentration: 95-100%
Impurities: May include traces of β-pinene and other terpenes.
Hazardous Components: Pure substance; no significant non-pinene hazardous impurities noted.

4. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, keep comfortable for breathing, get medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Immediately wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; continue rinsing; seek medical advice.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth; seek immediate medical help.
Symptoms and Effects: Irritation, redness, rash, dizziness, difficulty breathing in prolonged exposures.

5. Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, water spray.
Unsuitable Media: Strong water jet can spread the fire.
Specific Hazards: Emits irritating vapors, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide in combustion.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gear.
Special Precautions: Containers exposed to flame may rupture; use water spray to cool containers.
Explosion Limits: Vapors may form explosive mixture with air.

6. Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate area; eliminate ignition sources; wear protective gloves, goggles, and clothing.
Containment: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe; do not allow entering drains or sewers.
Clean-up Procedures: Absorb spill with inert material (sand, earth); sweep up and place in suitable container for disposal; ventilate area.
Environmental Precautions: Notify authorities if large spills contaminate waterways.
Decontamination: Wash contaminated area with soap and water after removal of bulk material.

7. Handling and Storage

Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas; ground and bond containers during transfer; avoid inhaling vapor or mists; avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed in cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition; store away from oxidizing agents, acids, and bases; keep away from food and beverages.
Special Notes: Use explosion-proof electrical equipment; restrict unauthorized access.

8. Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Occupational Exposure Limit: No OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits specifically for α-pinene; use good industrial hygiene practices.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation; maintain adequate general ventilation.
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves (nitrile recommended), chemical splash goggles, flame-retardant clothing, safety shoes.
Respiratory Protection: In case of insufficient ventilation, use NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking; change contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly before reuse.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Characteristic pine-like odor
Odor Threshold: Not and data standardized
pH: Not miscible in water; no direct pH
Melting Point: -62 °C
Boiling Point: 155–156 °C
Flash Point: 33–35 °C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not rapidly determined
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Vapor Pressure: 4 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density: 4.8 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.85–0.87 g/cm³
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): 4.83
Autoignition Temperature: 255 °C
Decomposition Temperature: No relevant data
Viscosity: Low; mobile liquid

10. Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage conditions.
Reactivity: Can react with strong oxidizers (e.g., chlorine, nitric acid).
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, electrostatic discharge, sunlight, air exposure for extended periods.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, various organic compounds produced on burning.
Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization is not expected.

11. Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD₅₀ (rat): >3700 mg/kg; Dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): >5000 mg/kg.
Skin Irritation: Can cause mild to moderate irritation, redness, dryness, and cracking.
Eye Irritation: Direct contact can cause discomfort and redness.
Respiratory Effects: Vapors can cause dizziness, headache, and respiratory tract irritation.
Sensitization: Repeated or prolonged contact may cause an allergic skin reaction.
Chronic Effects: No relevant long-term toxicity data; not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic.
Other Effects: Aspiration into lungs during swallowing or vomiting may cause chemical pneumonitis.

12. Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Aquatic LC₅₀ (fish, 96 hr): 0.28 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in environment under aerobic conditions.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Significant; high log Kow indicates a tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms.
Mobility in Soil: Low water solubility suggests limited movement through soil, but volatility may allow transfer to air.
Other Adverse Effects: Spills to water can have immediate impacts to aquatic life; avoid contamination of water bodies and drains.

13. Disposal Considerations

Disposal Methods: Incinerate in approved facility or dispose according to local, regional, and national regulations.
Container Disposal: Rinse containers thoroughly; render them unusable by puncturing; recycle or dispose according to authorities.
Special Precautions: Do not allow product or residues to reach sewer or waterways; avoid evaporation to environment.
Waste Code: Consult local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations for applicable designations.

14. Transport Information

UN Number: 1292
Proper Shipping Name: Terpene Hydrocarbons, n.o.s. (α-Pinene)
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Flammable liquid label required.
Special Transport Notes: Keep away from sources of heat and ignition during transport; follow regulations for flammable liquids on road, rail, sea, and air.
Additional Information: Emergency response guide number 128.

15. Regulatory Information

Safety, Health, and Environmental Regulations: Listed on TSCA inventory.
OSHA Hazards: Flammable, irritant, sensitizer, aspiration hazard.
SARA 313: No reportable components.
REACH Status: Not subject to registration under Annex IV/V.
WHMIS Classification (Canada): B2 (Flammable Liquids), D2B (Toxic/irritant material).
DSL/NDSL Status: Listed.
Other Regulations: State and local regulations may apply; users should consult local authorities for further requirements.