Material Safety Data Sheet: Dipentene

Identification

Product Name: Dipentene
Chemical Name: dl-Limonene
Common Names: Limonene, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene
CAS Number: 138-86-3
Recommended Use: Solvent, Fragrance, Flavoring agent, Intermediate in manufacturing
Manufacturer Information: Name, Address, Phone Number, Emergency Contact Details available in supply chain documentation
UN Number: UN 2052

Hazard Identification

Classification: Flammable liquid, skin irritant, sensitizer, aquatic toxicant
GHS Label Elements: Flame, exclamation mark, environment pictograms
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Causes skin irritation. May cause allergic skin reaction. Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames. Avoid release to the environment. Wear protective gloves and eye protection.

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: Dipentene
Synonyms: dl-Limonene, d-Limonene
Concentration: >95% by weight
Impurities: May contain trace monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene)
Molecular Formula: C10H16
Molecular Weight: 136.24 g/mol

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention for breathing difficulty, dizziness, or prolonged discomfort.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical care for irritation, blistering, or allergic response.
Eye Contact: Flush with lukewarm water for several minutes, keeping eyelid open. Remove contact lenses if easy to do. Get prompt medical attention for any persistent pain, redness, or vision change.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel. Immediate medical attention needed for swallowing large amounts or if symptoms like nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, or abdominal pain develop.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Redness, swelling, burning sensation, or allergic rash on skin; coughing, dizziness, headache, or gastrointestinal upset if inhaled or ingested.

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide
Fire Hazards: Vapors ignite easily and can form explosive-air mixtures. Heated containers rupture violently.
Special Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, smoke, irritating fumes
Special Precautions: Move containers from fire area if safe to do so. Cool unopened drums with water spray.
Explosion Risk: Dense vapor can travel to ignition source and flash back.

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Ventilate area. Avoid inhalation and skin contact.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product entering drains, sewers, or waterways. Notify authorities if large spill contaminates environment.
Clean-Up Methods: Eliminate ignition sources. Absorb with inert material such as sand, earth, or vermiculite. Collect in sealable containers. Dispose of according to local regulations.
Decontamination: Wash spill site after clean-up with detergent and water.

Handling and Storage

Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact. Ground and bond containers when transferring liquid.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated, fire-resistant area away from sparks, heat, and open flames. Protect from direct sunlight and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis
Special Requirements: Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and proper grounding.

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits for dipentene; observe workplace solvent exposure guidelines
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods to control vapor concentrations
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile), safety goggles, flame-resistant clothing, suitable respiratory protection in case of vapor formation
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling. Remove soiled clothing promptly. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during use.
Environmental Controls: Keep away from drains and open water.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Citrus-like; sweet, orange-peel
Odor Threshold: Low, recognizable at small concentrations
pH: Not applicable (non-aqueous)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -74°C
Boiling Point/Range: 175-177°C
Flash Point: About 48°C (closed cup; varies by test)
Evaporation Rate: Moderate
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Vapor Pressure: Approx. 2 mm Hg at 20°C
Vapor Density: ~4.7 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.84 at 20°C
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; miscible with organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): 4.2
Auto-ignition Temperature: 255°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not available
Viscosity: Low, slightly oily

Stability and Reactivity

Stability: Stable under recommended conditions of use and storage
Reactivity: Avoid contact with oxidizing materials; reacts violently
Polymerization: Will not polymerize under normal conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, static discharge, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizers, strong acids or alkalis
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, irritating smoke

Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 4400 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): >5000 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Irritant; can cause dermatitis or allergic reaction in sensitive individuals
Eye Damage/Irritation: May cause mild irritation
Respiratory Effects: Inhalation of high vapor levels causes dizziness, headache, and nausea
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Mutagenicity: No evidence in standard tests
Reproductive Toxicity: No human data indicating reproductive risk
Other Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure aggravates existing skin conditions

Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. EC50 (Daphnia magna, 48h): 0.42 mg/L.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately biodegradable; significant portion removed in wastewater treatment.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Significant, due to high octanol-water partition coefficient.
Mobility in Soil: Low, but potential for moderate mobility in soils with organic content.
Other Adverse Effects: May cause damage to aquatic habitats, especially in unregulated spills.

Disposal Considerations

Product Disposal: Incinerate in approved chemical waste facility following local, state, and national regulations.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse, then dispose or recycle approved containers as hazardous waste.
Unsafe Disposal: Avoid disposal in sewers, natural waterways, municipal landfills.
Legal Requirements: Must comply with EPA, local environmental and fire safety authorities.

Transport Information

UN Number: UN 2052
UN Proper Shipping Name: Dipentene
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Flammable Liquid
Special Transport Precautions: Keep containers upright and sealed, secure against movement, avoid transport with incompatible goods.
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Land, Sea, Air Transport: Subject to IMDG, IATA, and ADR/RID regulations.

Regulatory Information

TSCA Status: Listed
EINECS/ELINCS No.: 205-341-0
REACH Status: Registered substance
SARA 313: Not subject
US OSHA Hazard: Flammable, irritant, sensitizer
California Proposition 65: Not listed
Other Requirements: Subject to workplace labeling, site risk assessment requirements, MSDS/SDS availability to workers and emergency responders.